The electric vehicle (EV) revolution is reaching the heart of Africa’s mining industry, widely regarded as a new and exciting frontier.
A recent report by IDTechEx predicts a massive growth trajectory, with the electric mining vehicle market reaching a staggering $23 billion by 2044.
This surge is fuelled by advancements in large-capacity batteries and innovative charging solutions, making electric vehicles a more viable and productive option for mining operations.
The key lies in the development of batteries specifically tailored for mining vehicles. These batteries are massive, ranging from 100 kWh for lighter vehicles to a whopping 2 MWh for behemoth haul trucks.
Fortunately, companies like CATL, ABB, and Northvolt are stepping up, creating powerful and competitively priced battery solutions.
Two battery chemistries dominate the mining EV space: lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) and lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP).
Interestingly, despite NMC offering higher energy density, LFP reigns supreme with almost 80% market share. This is because mining vehicles prioritize durability over range.
Their heavy loads and demanding work cycles mean frequent battery replacements are a productivity killer.
LFP excels in cycle life, meaning it can withstand more charge and discharge cycles before needing replacement.
Additionally, LFP batteries are generally safer, especially in the potentially hazardous environment of underground mines.
However, the challenge of charging remains. Traditional cable-based charging often results in lengthy downtime, hindering productivity. Fortunately, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are making strides. Techniques like multi-gun charging and megawatt charging systems are aiming to bring charging times down to a more manageable 20-60 minutes.
While this increases productivity, it can also accelerate battery degradation, creating a trade-off.
Battery swapping emerges as a compelling alternative, particularly for underground vehicles. This method utilizes two swappable battery packs.
While one powers the vehicle, the other is recharged in a dedicated station. Swapping takes a mere 5-10 minutes, maximizing uptime.
However, it requires dedicated infrastructure and can be more expensive in certain scenarios.
The future holds promise for dynamic charging solutions like power rails and overhead catenary lines. These systems eliminate downtime by charging vehicles while they operate along designated routes.
While still under development, they have the potential to revolutionize mining productivity. The report by IDTechEx makes it clear that no single charging method will rule supreme.
Different techniques will cater to the specific needs of each vehicle and its work cycle. As OEMs and charging providers continue to refine their technologies, the electrification of the African mining industry is poised for a significant leap forward.
Zimbabwe in the electric vehicle landscape
While the IDTechEx report focuses on the broader African context, it’s worth considering Zimbabwe’s position in this evolving landscape.
Zimbabwe boasts rich lithium reserves, a key component in EV batteries.
The country recently banned lithium exports, aiming to leverage this resource for domestic economic development.
This could potentially position Zimbabwe as a player in the battery production value chain for electric mining vehicles across Africa.
However, significant hurdles remain for widespread EV adoption in Zimbabwe’s mining sector.
The national electricity grid faces challenges, and reliable charging infrastructure is currently limited.
Progress could be slowed down by factors such as the need for substantial initial investment in electric vehicles.
Despite these obstacles, the global trend towards electric mining vehicles presents an opportunity for Zimbabwe.
By investing in grid improvements, establishing strategic partnerships for battery technology, and exploring innovative financing models, Zimbabwe can position itself to benefit from this growing market.
The transition to electric mining vehicles holds the potential to enhance productivity, improve safety for miners, and reduce the environmental footprint of the industry.
Text: Martin Chemhere